The term „lobby„, in its political acceptance, seems to have been used for the first time in 1829, in the phrase „lobby-agent„, appointing a person who was paid for privileges and who, for this purpose, frequented the corridors from the buildings where the normative acts were issued in Albany. Later, Thurlow Weed, together with his colleagues, made it an accredited profession and substantiated the methods by establishing notoriety.

After all, lobby was initially accepted as a practice of representing a single person, natural or juridical, (19th century), evolved to try to advocate for a group interests (the first half of the sec. XX), then, it has changed itself into representing, again, fragmented and specialized interests, giving birth to a phenomenon that was called the rise of the direct participation of interest groups.

Nowadays, lobby is limited only to the activity of trying to influence only those which have powers within the legislative power, legislators and members of their teams, provided they also refer to reflect a point of view related to a certain normative act and, if the communication process is to the public, then it must be followed by a „call to action”. This urge to action is an important aspect, which makes the public debate on a question of law impossible to be considered as a lobby, as long as no such request is issued.

The difference between undue influence and advocacy

As you can see, the relationship between advocacy activity and the peddling of influence involves some major differences.

First, those involved in advocacy do not intend to obtain money or other benefits, following their approach, but implementing their strategy, motivated to rectify a factual situation, which affects a large number of people or to prevent the multiplication of identified problem cases. In the context of the undue influence, obtaining some material or other advantages of nature, is the essential characteristic, without which the crime cannot survive.

The character of the advocacy activity is, by its very nature, prone to visibility as much as possible. In this sense, the promoters of this endeavor intend, and do everything possible, as the idea or cause for which strives to reach the public attention as quickly and accurately as possible, in order to mobilize as many people as possible. Therefore, the public character of the debates and the involvement of supporters in the fields of activity as diverse as it is, are essential points in the success of the entire advocacy process. In contrast, the perpetrators of the undue influence are interested in having their facts known by a circle as small as possible.

Due to the humanitarian nature of the advocacy approach, this process is being carried out by usually in connection with the medical and social assistance fields. In general, workers in these fields (doctors, nurses, psychologists, sociologists and social workers) feel the need to intervene on behalf of the disadvantaged, who cannot fight, bearing in mind that the step they initiate will correct an existing factual situation and will help, not only those whose problems are known, but also others who are in similar situations and, what more importantly, it will change the way authorities and communities report, so that the problems that they do not appear.

In antithesis to such ideals, peddling of influence implies the satisfaction of one momentary interest, of particular eminence, regardless of the repercussions that such a fact it can have them on a social level.

Peddling of influence versus lobby

Unlike advocacy, which is a clear step delimited by the peddling of influence, the situation changes when we think about lobby. Due to the definition formulated by the Romanian legislator in the draft of the Romanian lobby law, these two can be considered concepts which are quite close, in supposed to be taken actions and in meaning. Such a situation is generated, first of all, by the phrase „claim, receiving or accepting the promise of money or other benefits, directly or indirectly, for oneself or for another” of the peddling of influence definition, which reminds some partially about the lucrative nature of the lobby. This definition, with a very broad spectrum of actions, denotes the clear intention of the issuer of the normative act, in this case the Parliament, to protect the prestige of the public institutions of any form of suspicion regarding honestly civil servants.

On the other hand, lobby has major differences from the peddling of influence because it can be firmly stated that it can only be materialized in relation to civil servants, who exercise their duties in the institutions that fall within the sphere of legislative power, but not in relation to those who operate in public institutions, which are related to the exercise by the state of executive and judicial powers. Lobbying can only be undertaken in connection with creation, modification, suspension, extension or cancellation of a normative act.

Likewise, the lobby cannot be included in the category of secret or discrete actions, as it is the case of most of the facts that can be categorized as peddling of influence. This is mainly due to one of the defining characteristics of the lobby – call to action.

Finally, the lobbyist cannot be assimilated to the crime of peddling of influence since it has neither and cannot claims that it has influence on some decision makers within the legislative power. Such a thing, at least within the Romanian legislative system, would be very difficult, because the laws are the result of the debates in a collegiate forum.

Conclusion

The undue influence appears to us as a crime on its own, with a very broad sphere of understanding of facts that presuppose the real or imaginary influence of to civil servants, so that there is no doubt about the possibility of incriminating such illegal acts. This state of affairs has its source in the criminal policy of the Romanian state, which is intended to protect, in this way, the prestige of public institutions, so that their authority within the Romanian society is one importance.

With regard to the lobby and advocacy efforts, it can be concluded that these are the ones that they must be carried out in a transparent manner, involving a large number of people, and which are distinguished by the fact that they are directed against normative acts or against modalities of implementation of public programs or policies with general validity. In other words, the initiators of such actions are focused on changes related to the regulation of certain realities, which affect a large number of people, while the peddling of influence mainly refers to the particular situations they hold, most of them times, from the sphere of executive and judicial power, and less from the legislative process.

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Lobby represents a set of influencing actions (direct or indirect, including through mass media) in order to inform, convince, fine, (promote or abrogate) the legislative initiatives and the public policies formulated or implemented by a decision-making power, to support legitimate interests. Lobbying refers to the exercise of pressure on politicians, public authorities and, more broadly, decision-makers. Lobbying is a mode of action, often unobtrusive, as opposed to mass demonstrations that mobilize a large number of people.

Examples of lobbying activities: knowledge of decision-making circuits, informing decision-makers, establishing high-level relationships, setting up networks, providing expertise, participating in study groups, organizing conferences, visits, drafting amendments to a draft law, etc.

Lobby in the European Union versus Lobby in the US

A large number of lobbyists have been operating in Brussels for years, registering about 20,000, a number that is not reflected in the Transparency Register, where we find about 6,000 entries. The justification is somewhat at hand, the first figure reflects the number of natural persons who act as lobbyists. The justification is somewhat at hand, the first figure reflects the number of natural persons who act as lobbyists at / next to the European institutions, while the second refers to the number of lobbying organizations. Lobbying at EU level is based on an agreement between the European Parliament and the European Commission on setting up a transparency register for organizations and individuals engaged in independent activities involved in the process of developing and implementing EU policies. The purpose of this agreement is to allow the registration of all activities carried out in order to directly or indirectly influence the elaboration or implementation of policies or decisions by the EU institutions. There is a Transparency Register, and the registration in this is done on a voluntarily, online and includes identification data and persons involved in the lobbying activity. The Register provides rules governing the conduct of the Lobbyists, the categories of persons/organizations that can register, the mechanism for resolving complaints and measures applicable in the case of non-compliance with the code of conduct. In the EU, relations between lobbyists and decision-makers are built over time and based on a level of trust, while in the US the relationship is based on an „adverse culture”. If in the United States of America the defensive lobby is met as a tactic, the idea of stopping or annihilating a legislative activity is not found in the European Union’s lobby culture.

Self-regulation of lobbying activity in Romania

Lobbying and advocacy is an integral part of Romania’s democratic process and is a right guaranteed by the constitution.

In order to promote good practices in lobbying and advocacy activities and to help maintain and increase public confidence, confidence in democratic institutions and the process of public policy implementation, practitioners in lobbying and advocacy have taken important steps in self-regulation.

The self-regulation system initiated consists of:

• Code of Ethics of Lobby and Advocacy Practitioners;
• The Transparency Register of Lobby and Advocacy Activities;
• Commission for the Supervision of the Transparency Register;

Code of Ethics of Lobby and Advocacy Practitioners

Those who practice lobby and advocacy must act ethically and morally in their relations with all parties involved and have a duty to contribute to the public understanding of this type of activity. The Code of Ethics of Lobby and Advocacy Practitioners provides basic guidelines and standards for the conduct of stakeholder representatives. The code is intended for all organizations that carry out lobbying and advocacy activities and who wish to be registered in the Transparency Register. They are strongly encouraged to respect the code and to always practice high ethical conduct in their efforts to influence public decisions.

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How does the public view your brand? This is an important question to ask as you build your public relations strategy. There is more to consider than just how your business will be portrayed by the media. How you communicate inside and outside of your organization, events you plan, your involvement in the community, and even how you handle a crisis make up your public relations strategy.

To help you create this strategy, we have outlined each piece and why it matters to your brand’s image:

1. Corporate Communications

How your business communicates with other businesses, both internally and externally, creates its voice. A corporate communications strategy is the backbone of your overall public relations strategy. It uses your brand’s voice to express important messages in a way that your audience will understand. For example, internal emails or press releases announcing important company news are part of your corporate communications strategy.

2. Media Relations

Media relations is the relationship an organization has with the press. In order to be successful, you must build a relationship with the correct contact person for each relevant news outlet to ensure that your business is portrayed well in the media. Whenever something newsworthy happens at your organization, you can send press releases to these contacts. Press releases are news sources which make media relations a symbiotic relationship between the press and businesses. To help you build the best possible relationship with the press, we’ve compiled some tips for creating a successful media relations strategy.

3. Community Relations

Your business is a member of your community. Community relations establishes your business’ presence and the perceptions of others. There are many ways your business can get involved in the community. At Pulse we’re involved with a variety of community programs focusing on the economic growth of our area, education, public health, and the environment. We actively sponsor, donate service, and volunteer our time.

4. Crisis Management

How you face a crisis or other unexpected situation can make or break your business. Having a crisis management plan in place allows your business to operate as normally as possible through a crisis and preserve your image. Internal and external communications are especially important during these times to keep the situation under control. Even if your situation can’t be prevented, the very least you can do is be prepared.

5. Events Management

Your business’ events are a valuable marketing tool, especially with young people who place a high value on experiences. That being said, planning an event is an equally exciting and stressful time for your business. You have to consider when and where the event will be, who will attend, and so much more. Having an events management strategy can keep all of the details of your event organized so it runs as smoothly as possible.

Public relations is made up of many working parts that build a positive image of your business in the eyes of your community. Having a strategy in place can keep these efforts organized and create the image you want for your business.

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Source: pulsemarketingagency.com

Public affairs is the communication between a company and its stakeholders. Shareholders are the most obvious examples of stakeholders, but they’re not the only ones. Your customers are stakeholders because they depend on your business to provide products and services. Vendors are stakeholders who depend on you as a customer. The local community, government and media have an interest in your business as well and are also considered stakeholders.

Public Affairs

In a broad sense, public affairs includes any communication with stakeholders. More specifically, it includes public relations with the media, lobbying with the government, or in the case of a small business, attending city and town council meetings and letting your voice be heard. Engaging with customers and participating in business organizations is part of public affairs as well. Public affairs also includes reacting to unfavorable circumstances about the business, such as product recalls or layoffs.

Strategy

A strategy is determining where your business is now, where you want it to be in coming months and years, and what methods you’ll use to get to where you want to be. Think of a strategy as a battle plan or a road map, or as a blueprint. The strategy shows what you’ll do. But it won’t show you how you’ll do it, the tools you’ll use, or the specific actions you’ll take.

A small business might decide to use a public relations strategy to increase its visibility to the business community and potential customers. The goal is to get press coverage and generate a Web and social media presence. Look at your resources, time, personnel and money and decide what’s reasonable. For example, in the next year the objectives could include five pieces of coverage in the local newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and recruiting a base of 5,000 followers for your company’s social media page.

Tactics

Unlike strategies, tactics are time and action oriented. They are the methods you will use to implement the strategy, when to implement it, and by whom. The tactics assign specific actions to specific people that must be accomplished by a certain deadline. For example, a public affairs tactic might involve setting up a press release distribution schedule for the next 12 months, consisting of one release per month. Another tactic is to assemble a contact list of reporters, writers and editors that cover your industry. Setting up Facebook pages, a Twitter account and Google+ pages are tactics for establishing a social media presence.

Tools

The toolbox for a public affairs strategy for improved public relations would include such tools as press releases and a media list. Press releases are short, informative stories about your company written in a news-oriented way. They might cover the release of a new product or the opening of a new store. They are then distributed to a media list is a list of newspapers, magazines, trade journals, radio and TV stations, community and business websites and influential bloggers that report on your type of industry and business.

Source: https://smallbusiness.chron.com

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