In a significant policy shift, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has halted the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) rollout for Romanian citizens. This suspension forms part of a broader review into Romania’s eligibility for the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), ensuring that the country meets the program’s rigorous security criteria.

What Prompted the Pause?
An official statement from DHS explained that the review was initiated to verify Romania’s compliance with the strict security standards required by the VWP. Until this evaluation is complete, Romanian travelers wishing to visit the United States for short-term business or tourism must apply for a nonimmigrant visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate.

Background on Romania’s VWP Inclusion
Romania was designated as the 43rd country eligible for the VWP on January 10, 2025, with plans to implement visa-free travel starting around March 31, 2025. This new policy was expected to boost bilateral ties, facilitating easier travel for business and tourism. However, concerns over internal political challenges and security issues have led U.S. authorities to reexamine Romania’s participation.

Internal Challenges and Security Concerns
Recent developments in Romania, including a decline in democratic performance and allegations of electoral irregularities, have raised alarms. Notably, The Economist’s Democracy Index has downgraded Romania from a “flawed democracy” to a “hybrid regime.” These issues contribute to U.S. apprehensions about whether Romania can maintain the high security standards required for VWP membership, particularly in areas such as counterterrorism and law enforcement cooperation.

Implications for U.S.-Romania Relations
Romania’s entry into the Visa Waiver Program was widely anticipated as a milestone that would strengthen economic ties and boost investment between the two nations. However, the current pause may shadow these prospects, potentially straining the bilateral relationship if Romania’s eligibility is ultimately called into question.

Looking Ahead
As discussions continue between U.S. and Romanian officials, Romania’s participation in the VWP remains uncertain. For the time being, the decision underscores the U.S. commitment to upholding the security and integrity of its travel systems, even as it navigates complex international and domestic political dynamics.

This development marks a critical juncture for U.S. security policy and Romania’s international relations, with significant consequences for travel and bilateral cooperation in the future.